amakuru

      Guhindura imbaragaibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa no mubuzima, kandi nibintu byingenzi bigize ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Amashanyarazi yo guhinduranya ni mato, yoroheje kandi akora neza, ariko mubyukuri ugomba kumenya neza amashanyarazi?Iyi ngingo izasobanura ibisobanuro byo guhinduranya amashanyarazi hamwe nihame ryo guhinduranya amashanyarazi muburyo burambuye kugirango bigufashe kumenya neza amashanyarazi.
Ubwa mbere, ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi.
Guhindura amashanyarazi ni ugukoresha ibintu byo guhinduranya ibintu (nka tebes ya electron, tristoriste yumurima, thyristor thyristors, nibindi), ukurikije umugenzuzi wo kugenzura, ibice byo guhinduranya ibintu bikomeza guhuzwa no kuzimya.
Guhindura amashanyarazi bitanga isano no gutanga amashanyarazi kumurongo.Gucomeka kwe muri terefone ihita ihindura AC ikosora amashanyarazi ya DC, hanyuma, bitewe ningaruka zumurongo wa rezonike yumurongo mwinshi, ikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango ikoreshe imiyoboro ya AC kugirango itange amashanyarazi menshi .Hamwe nubufasha bwa inductor (coil transformateur), amashanyarazi make ya DC itanga amashanyarazi arasohoka.Kuberako ibyingenzi bisobanurwa na transformateur bihwanye na metero kare ya kwaduka yingufu zisohoka, uko inshuro nyinshi, niko bito bito bihindura.Ibi birashobora kugabanya cyane transformateur no koroshya uburemere nubunini bwamashanyarazi.Kandi, kubera ko ihita ikoresha DC, ubu bwoko bwamashanyarazi bukora neza kuruta gutanga umurongo.Ibi bizigama ingufu z'amashanyarazi bityo rero irakunzwe cyane natwe.Ariko nanone ifite inenge.Guhinduranya amashanyarazi bitanga ingorabahizi, kubungabunga biragoye, kandi ihumana ry’ibidukikije ry’umuriro w'amashanyarazi rirakomeye.Amashanyarazi arasakuza, kandi ntibyoroshye gukoresha amashanyarazi make-y’amashanyarazi.
Amashanyarazi yumurongo abanza kugabanya amplitione ya voltage ya AC ukurikije transformateur, hanyuma akabona amashanyarazi ya DC imwe gusa akurikije amashanyarazi akosora ikiraro, hanyuma akabona voltage ya DC irimo voltage ntoya ya ripple ukurikije kuyungurura.Kugirango urusheho kugera kuri voltage nini ya DC, birakenewe gutezimbere umuyoboro wa Zener ukurikije amashanyarazi yatanzwe.
Icya kabiri, ihame ryo guhindura amashanyarazi.
Inzira yose yimikorere yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi biroroshye kubyumva.Muburyo butanga amashanyarazi, kora ibisohoka amashanyarazi umuyoboro ukora.Bitandukanye n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi utanga umurongo, PWM ihinduranya amashanyarazi ituma amashanyarazi asohoka kandi azimya.Muburyo bubiri hano, kugwiza volt-ampere yongewe kumashanyarazi asohoka ni nto cyane (voltage ni nto kandi numuyoboro nini iyo uzimye; voltage ni ndende kandi numuyoboro ni muto iyo uzimye; ) / volt-ampere ku gikoresho cya elegitoroniki yimbaraga Kugwiza ibiranga umurongo ni ibyangiritse kubisohoka ingufu za semiconductor.
Ugereranije n’umurongo w'amashanyarazi utanga umurongo, uburyo bunoze bwo guhuza ibikorwa bya PWM bwo guhindura amashanyarazi bwarangiye ukurikije inverter, kandi voltage ya DC igomba kwinjizwa igabanywa mumashanyarazi ya pulse imwe ifite agaciro ka amplitude ihwanye ninjiza voltage amplitude .
Icya gatatu, ibyiza nibibi byo guhinduranya amashanyarazi:
Ibyiza byihariye byo guhinduranya amashanyarazi: ubunini buto, uburemere bworoshye (ingano nuburemere bwose ni 20 ~ 30% gusa yo gutanga amashanyarazi kumurongo), gukora neza (muri rusange 60 ~ 70%, mugihe amashanyarazi atangwa ari 30 ~ 40%) , kurwanya- Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwivanga, ibisohoka mugari wa voltage gukwirakwiza, igishushanyo mbonera.
Inenge zihariye zo guhinduranya amashanyarazi: kubera ko uruziga rukosora rutera voltage yumurongo mwinshi, bigira ingaruka runaka mubikoresho bikikije.Gukingira neza no kubutaka bigomba kubungabungwa.
Umuyoboro wa AC urashobora kunyura mugukosora kugirango ubone imbaraga za DC.Nkuko buriwese abizi, kubera ihinduka ryumubyigano wa AC hamwe numuyoboro wimizigo, imbaraga za DC zabonetse nyuma yikosora zisanzwe zitera voltage ihinduka 20% kugeza 40%.Kugirango ubone imbaraga za DC zihamye, menya neza ko ukoresha amashanyarazi yagenwe kugirango urangize umuyoboro wa zener.Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kurangiza, amashanyarazi ya voltage agenga amashanyarazi ashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: umurongo wa voltage ugenzura imiyoboro itanga amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi agenzurwa nicyiciro cya voltage nogutanga amashanyarazi.Guhindura amashanyarazi bisobanura inzira yiterambere yo kurengera ibidukikije no gutanga amashanyarazi meza.
Icya kane, ibibazo bisanzwe muguhitamo amashanyarazi.
(1) Hitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kwinjiza voltage yerekana;
(2) Hitamo imbaraga zikwiye zisohoka.Kugirango uzamure neza ubuzima bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, urashobora guhitamo icyitegererezo gifite ingufu zapimwe zirenga 30%.
(3) Urebye ibiranga umutwaro.Niba umutwaro ari moteri, itara cyangwa umutwaro wa capacitor, kandi ikigezweho ni kinini mugihe gikora, hagomba gutoranywa amashanyarazi akwiye kugirango wirinde umutwaro.Niba umutwaro ari moteri, voltage ihindagurika muguhagarika igomba kwitabwaho.
.Ubushyuhe bukabije bwerekana amashanyarazi bigomba kugabanya umusaruro.Kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka.
(5) Imirimo itandukanye igomba gutoranywa ukurikije imikoreshereze:
Imirimo yo gufata neza: Kurinda Umuvuduko (OVP), Kurinda Ubushyuhe (OTP), Kurinda Umuvuduko (OLP), nibindi.
Imikorere yo gusaba: imikorere yamakuru yamakuru (gukwirakwiza ingufu zisanzwe, gukwirakwiza ingufu zitemewe), ibikorwa byo kugenzura kure, imikorere yo kugenzura, imikorere ihuza ibikorwa, nibindi.
Ibidasanzwe: Gukosora Ibintu (PFC), Imbaraga Zikomeza (UPS)
Hitamo ibisabwa byumutekano bisabwa hamwe no kugenzura imikorere ya EMC (EMC)